Causes of Gingivitis

Gingivitis is primarily caused by the accumulation of plaque, but several factors can contribute:

• Poor oral hygiene (leading to plaque buildup)
• Smoking or chewing tobacco
• Poor nutrition, particularly lack of vitamin C
• Certain medications that cause dry mouth
• Medical conditions like diabetes, certain viral infections, or HIV/AIDS
• Family history of gum disease
• Stress and lack of sleep
• Age (more common in adults)

🦷 Signs and Symptoms

Early-stage gingivitis may not cause noticeable discomfort, but common signs include:

• Red, swollen, or puffy gums
• Bleeding gums, especially when brushing or flossing
• Bad breath (halitosis)
• Receding gums or tender gums
• Gums that are shiny or bleed easily
• Gum sensitivity

⚙️ Diagnosis

A dentist or hygienist will diagnose gingivitis by:

• Visual examination of the gums
• Measurement of gum pocket depths (the space between teeth and gums)
• Checking for bleeding while probing or brushing

🛠️ Treatment for Gingivitis

The good news is that gingivitis is reversible if caught early. Treatments include:

1. Professional Cleaning

• Scaling and root planing: Removes plaque and tartar from above and below the gumline.
• Cleaning may be needed more frequently if gingivitis is more advanced.

2. Improved Oral Hygiene

• Brushing twice a day with fluoride toothpaste
• Flossing daily to remove plaque from between teeth
• Antibacterial mouthwash (to kill bacteria and reduce plaque)

3. Lifestyle Changes

• Quit smoking (smoking is a major risk factor)
• Eat a balanced diet, including foods rich in vitamin C

4. Regular Dental Check-ups

• Professional cleanings every 6 months, or more often if advised by your dentist

🏥 Preventing Gingivitis

To avoid gingivitis and more severe gum disease, follow these tips:

• Brush with a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste
• Floss daily to clean areas brushing misses
• Rinse with mouthwash regularly, especially if you have dry mouth
• Regular dental visits (every 6 months or as recommended)

⚠️ Consequences of Untreated Gingivitis

If gingivitis is not treated, it can progress into periodontitis, a more serious form of gum disease that can lead to:

• Tooth loss
• Infection of the gums and bone
• Receding gums
• Abscesses

✅ Prognosis

• Gingivitis is completely reversible with proper treatment
• Regular maintenance and healthy habits help prevent recurrence